136 Minnesota Plant Life. 



thrusting the end of the capsule out beyond the rim of the cone. 

 In this way each capsule scatters its spores under much more 

 advantageous conditions than were possible for the mud-rlat 

 liverwort. 



The spermaries in the cone-headed liverwort are produced 

 upon short blunt branches arising at the tips of ordinary 



FIG. 44. The umbrella-liverwort; showing the prostrate vegetative body, and the upright 

 branches on which the egg-organs are borne, and where later the capsular plants will 

 be found perching. After Atkinson. 



branches, but seeming to grow upon their surface because they 

 are somewhat displaced in the after-growth of the whole sexual 

 plant-body. A cut made vertically through one of these sper- 

 mary branches would show a large number of ovoid sperm- 

 producing organs apparently imbedded in the general surface 

 of their special branch. 



