Minnesota Plant Life. 



287 



The chokeberries are shrubs ordinarily to be looked for in 

 swamps or damp woods. The flowers are considerably smaller 

 than those of the crab-apples, but decidedly similar. The 

 fruits, too, are not different in essential particulars from those 

 of the crab-apples, but are not so large, averaging about the 

 size of a well-grown gooseberry. In one of the chokeberries 

 the fruit is bright red when ripe, while in the other it is almost 

 black. 



June-berries. Of June-berries there are four or five species 

 growing in Minnesota. These are all shrubs or trees with flow- 

 ers resembling those of the apple, but with more berry-like 

 fruits, smaller on the whole than the fruits of the apples. In 

 the common June-berry 

 the fruit is spherical, 

 sweet to the taste and of 

 a reddish color. The 

 shad-bush, a variety of' 

 June-berry, may be dis- 

 tinguished by the white, 

 woolly appearance of the 

 foliage when young, 

 changing to smooth when 

 older. In both of these 

 varieties the leaves are 

 somewhat elongated, like 

 plum leaves. In the 

 round-leaved June-berry, 

 the leaves, as the name 

 indicates, are almost round, while in the alder June-berry the 

 leaves are oval, notched more deeply towards the tip than 

 towards the base. 



In all the varieties so far discussed the fruits are more 

 less apple-shaped. One other, which occurs at the extreme 

 northern edge of the state, in cold bogs, is a low shrub, smooth 

 throughout, with a purple pear-shaped fruit, half an inch or s 



in length. 



Hawthorns. Neither the apples nor the June-ben 

 thorny, and by this character they may be distinguished fron 



FIG. 139. Hawthorn. After Britton and Brown. 



