Minnesota Plant Life. 



flowers are purple, while in others they are yellow. The shapes 

 of the leaves and of the flower heads differ in the different kinds ; 

 and the arrangement of the flower heads varies slightly, though 

 ordinarily they are either solitary or in flat-topped clusters. 

 To this genus of plants belongs the artichoke, the rootstock of 

 which bears tubers. 



The tickseeds are little yellow-flowered composites, with the 

 pappus much reduced, appearing commonly as a couple of small 



FIG. 205. Asters and golden-rod. Banks of the Mississippi. After photograph by Williams. 



teeth at the end of the somewhat winged nutlet. The bur- 

 marigolds produce yellow flower heads, from the disk flowers 

 of which arise fruits with two or more strongly barbed bristles 

 upon each, for in these plants the pappus has lost its aeronautic 

 characters and is adapted to fasten the fruits to the bodies of 

 wandering animals. The little flattened, pitchfork-like seeds 

 which stick to one's clothes in the autumn are those of the bur- 

 marigold or beggar-ticks. The several different varieties are 

 known by the shape of the nutlets, by the foliage and by the 



