Minnesota Plant Diseases. xvii 



FIG. 77. Spores of a grass rust fungus (Puccinia vexans). Highly mag- 

 nified. Microphotograph by E. W. D. Holway 165 



FIG. 78. Various basidia and spores of the lower basidium-bearing 



fungi. Highly magnified. After Brefeld 166 



FIG. 79. Jew's ear fungus fruiting bodies on a dead branch of a balsam 



fir. Original 167 



FIG. 80. A trembling fungus on the end of a log. Original 168 



FIG. 81. Basidia and basidiospores of the higher basidium-bearing 



fungi. Highly magnified. After Brefeld and Schroeter. .. 170 



FIG. 82. A smothering fungus growing on the ground. Original 172 



FIG. 83. Club fungi on a decaying log. Original 173 



FIG. 84. The coral fungus on the under side of a log. Original 174 



FIG. 85. A pore fungus, growing on the ground. Original 176 



FIG. 86. A stick-dwelling gill fungus, on a dead branch of a birch. 



Original 177 



FIG. 87. The shaggy-mane fungus. Original 178 



FIG. 88. The shaggy-mane fungus a later stage than that shown in 



Fig. 87. Original 179 



FIG. 89. The common wild mushroom fruiting body. Original 180 



FIG. 90. A group of the common gemmed puff-balls, just before open- 

 ing. Original 181 



FIG. 91. The same group as in Fig. 90, taken two weeks later. Origi- 

 nal 182 



FIG. 92. Stalked puff-balls. Original 183 



FIG. 93. Earth stars. Original .' 185 



FIG. 94. A carrion fungus. Original 187 



FIG. 95. A carrion fungus, photographed just after the breaking of 



the "egg," and while the cap was being lifted. Original.. 188 

 FIG. 96. Bacteria of the black rot of cabbage. Highly magnified. 



After H. L. Russell 189 



FIG. 97. Bacteria of fire-blight of apples. Highly magnified. After 



B. M. Duggar 193 



