Chapter XX. 



Diseases of Orchards and Vineyards. 

 JS 



Orchards* 



General treatment of apple orchards. The following has 

 been recommended as a general treatment for apple orchards 

 to keep out common fungus and insect pests. (Connecticut 

 Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 142.) 



"i. Spray with copper sulphate solution just before buds 

 start, for Bitter Rot, Black Rot and Scab. This treatment is 

 often omitted. 



2. Spray unfolding leaves with Paris Green or Lead Ar- 

 senate in Bordeaux for Bud Moth and Apple Scab. 



3. Spray with same as soon as blossoms fall for Codling 

 Moth, Curculio, Canker Worm, Tent Caterpillar, Scab and 

 Sooty Blotch. 



If badly infected with Sooty Blotch or Scab, spray with 

 Bordeaux mixture ten days later and for Sooty Blotch follow 

 with further spraying. 



San Jose Scale, Bark Lice and Borers need other treat- 

 ment." 



Leaf rust of apples and pears. Cedar apples of red cedar 

 (Gymnosporangium macropus Link and Gymnosporangium 

 globosuui Far/.). One very commonly finds on the under sur- 

 face of the leaves of our apple trees large yellow spots, upon 

 which are produced, in spring and early summer, long cluster- 

 cups with beak- or horn-like tops. The leaves are often swol- 

 len in the region of these spots and almost no leaf-green is 

 present. The spots frequently occur in sufficient numbers to 

 completely cover many of the leaves and in this case very seri- 

 ously injure the foliage, and consequently considerably impair 

 the strength of the tree. In the cluster-cups are produced the 

 cluster-cup spores. These spores infect young ^twigs of the 

 red cedar, which soon swell up, forming a ball-like growth 

 which is known as a "cedar apple." 



