HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 91 



the material force is absent they caunot be com- 

 pelled to do it and will not do it. In like way the 

 anger of an easily angered horse must not be aroused 

 by j)unishment because this excites him to yiolent 

 reactions. 



With horses mistakes must not be made with 

 respect to associations, they must not be giyen as- 

 sociations which are bad or against us or the actions 

 it is desired to teach them to do, because much 

 effort is required afterwards to oyercome them and 

 to make them forget haying been the victors. 



With the foal, until the moral ascendant has 

 been gained over him by which he is made to 

 obe}^ willingly Ave must avoid furnishing him with 

 occasions which tempt him to perform actions of 

 his own volition. It is necessary to avoid turning 

 round at the same point in a road several times 

 successively, in order not to give him the idea 

 that at that point he has finished his work and 

 must turn back; instead the roads must be varied. 

 We must avoid passing near the stable when it is 

 not desired to put him there, and if it is necessary 

 to pass that way either have sufficient mastery over 



