102 HOW THE Hf)RSE LEARNS 



Wai/ of muMmj the horse under si <ind that he is desired 



to perform or not to 2^^rform an actum 



and inducing him to 2>f'rform or not to i)erform it. 



Associations of jdcasure or of apjiroval 



and associations of jmin or disapiwoval. 



The instinct implanted in animals causing them 

 to seek pleasure and flee fear and pain, to feel 

 pleasure on being caressed, to feel fear and pain 

 on being threatened and struck, gives us the means 

 of telling the horse to make those movements v\e 

 wish him to make and of inducing him to make 

 them, and of telling him not to make those move- 

 ments we do not wish him to make and inducing 

 him not to make them. 



He is induced to think that it is good for him 

 to make a movement we wish him to make, and is 

 induced to make it b}^ accompanying it, associa- 

 ting it and causing it to be followed immediately 

 by a thing which gives him pleasure. 



He is induced to think that it is bad for him 

 to perform an action he does and wishes to perform, 



