HOW THE HOESE LEARKS 103 



aud which we do not wish him to do, aud is induced 

 not to do it by accompanying- it, associating' it with 

 and causinii' it to be foUowed wtmediatelt/ by a 

 thin.i^' or an act which i>ives him fear or pain. 



The horse is induced to come to us by showing 

 him oats, i. e. a pleasure and a benefit to him, by 

 giving them to him and by caressing him when 

 he comes to us. 



He is induced to run away from us or fiom a 

 place where he Avould wish to go by threatening 

 him or striking him with the whip, i. e. by making 

 him experience fear, pain or evil. 



The horse is caressed in order to make him 

 well disposed and, by any means Avhatever and in 

 anv wav whatever, it is sou£»ht to induce him to 

 make the movement required. Imimduitehj on his 

 making it he is caressed and the caresses are ac- 

 ctmpanied by the conciliatory voice sound, oh ! 

 Thus the idea is given him tliat by making this 

 movement he obtains caresses, i. e. a pleasure. He 

 can be given something to eat which he likes, but 

 even caresses and soothing words are sufficient. 



If he makes a movement which he is not de- 



