HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 105 



an angiy voice, by a threatening look or gesture 

 or by punishment, and by preventing him from 

 making it if it is a movement that we can mate- 

 rially prevent. This is necessary in order that he 

 should know what he must and must not do. 



At the smallest act of obedience which he does 

 at our requirement he must be given signs of ap- 

 2Jroval by a conciliatory voice sound, a kind look, 

 caresses and these things give him likewise the 

 idea of their being a reward for having done it. 



Giving him an interval of rest after having 

 obtained the performance of an action from him 

 gives him the idea of relief and of pleasure asso- 

 ciated with the performance of the action, and ma- 

 kes him think that after having executed that 

 movement it will be given to him. — Intervals of 

 rest give relief to the body and also to the mind and 

 prevent weariness. — Letting him lower his head 

 and neck after having kept them in good position 

 gives him a sense of pleasure and is a reward to 

 him for having allowed his head to be placed in 

 good position. — Another reward is the freeing 

 of his head after he has made some movement 



