HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 119 



instruction are necessary in order that the horse 

 may not become wearied, grow fatigued and rebel. 

 It is necessary to pass from the easier to the more 

 difficult by gradations so that he should not find 

 difficulty in doing it. 



In order that the horse may be able to use his 

 body pliantly, and place it in the positions which 

 are inconvenient to him, but which are necessary 

 for the various evolutions, and for the purpose of 

 mastering him, and that he may have no reason to 

 rebel and revolt from these causes against the aids, 

 which we must give him so as to bring him in 

 such positions, it is necessary that his body should 

 be prepared for them first. It is necessary to render 

 him supple by gradation that he may place himself 

 in the required positions without experiencing phy- 

 sical pain which would excite him to oppositions 

 and reactions. ' 



Santapaulina a noblemen of Naples (1696) spe- 

 cifies the causes of the resistance on the part of 

 the horse to performing an action as follows: — 

 his not Moiving how — his not being willing — 

 and he says justly that the latter alone can be 



