HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 127 



TUnfis and actions wliich the horse does not 



nuder stand naturaJIt/ hut which he learns 



immediately hy means of association with the things 



ivhich he understands, and which it is 



essential to teach him, ownuf to their heiny a matter 



of jtrime necessity with a view to his instruction. 



His coming forward on being pulled fcn-wavd 

 with the lounge although he understands it because 

 it is a material action, may in the beginning give 

 him the idea of being subjected to violence, and 

 he may resist by receding. He is taught not to 

 resist the lounge when pulling by threatening him 

 or striking him behind with the whip, whilst being 

 pulled in front with tlie lounge to make him ad- 

 vance. The lounge \vith the cavesson and the v»hi]) 

 are comjdementary, and assist each other in teaching 

 the other elementary things it is necessary to teach 

 the horse. 



His advancing towards us, his coming to us 

 whilst he is going in a circle led by the lounge 

 at some distance from us, is explained to him and 



