128 HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 



he learns it, from our pulling him with the lounge 

 and forcing him to come to us by another person 

 threatening him from behind with the whip. In 

 order that he should come forward towards the 

 man who holds the lounge and pulls him forward, 

 this man must not have ill-treated him. If the man 

 had ill-treated him previously he would have given 

 him an association contrary to coming towards him, 

 as the horse would be afraid of him, and would 

 be right in not wishing to come. 



He does not understand having to advance at 

 a given sound of the voice which it is desired to 

 use to make him start, when it is employed for 

 the first time. It is explained and taught him by 

 pulling him forward with the lounge while he is 

 simultaneously urged from behind with the whip, 

 and associating with these aids the sound of the 

 voice which it is desired to use as a signal to start. 

 He learns it after these associations have been re- 

 peated a certain number of times constantly in the 

 same way. 



He does not understand before he is taught the 

 sound of voice which is intended to make him stop. 



