HOW THE HOESE LEARNS 149 



to slacken his pace, and the lounge was drawn 

 and folded up and then he also was drawn inwards 

 and we, in doing this, made some steps backwards, 

 he learns that pulling him inwards, folding the 

 lounge and our going back, mean a change of the 

 hand and that our receding means that he is to 

 advance. 



Advancing at a given sound of the voice is the 

 first thing to be taught the horse because it is a 

 great advantage on man}' occasions to be able to 

 make use of this voice signal to cause him to 

 advance either alone or as a preliminary to other 

 riding aids. It serves to keep the horse intent on 

 advancing without giving other aids for that pur- 

 pose. The voice aids to advance and the whip aids 

 associated Avith the leg and spur aids teach those 

 horses to advance who, owing to their nature would 

 be excited to react at giving them the spurs alone. 



Teachincf the horse to stop and remain still at 

 another given sound of the voice, and to go backwards. 



Whilst the horse is walking led by two or 

 three lounges, or even by one, and we advance in 



