150 HOW THE nOKSE LEARNS 



fi'mit of liiiu, slightly to one side or on his tiank, 

 he is taught to stop at a given sound of the voice 

 (at which it is intended to habituate him to stop 

 and to remain still) by uttering this sound and 

 forthwith associating with it our going in front 

 of him and preventing him from advancing by 

 oppositions with the lounges on the cavesson 

 (which is a physical action and which he unders- 

 tands by himself,) and immediately on his having 

 stopped, by caressing him and giving the conci- 

 liatory voice sound. After some repetitions the hor- 

 se associates the voice aids for stopping with being 

 stopped and caressed and with the conciliating 

 voice, and stops at the sound of the voice alone 

 without needing the material action of being stop- 

 ped by oppositions on the lounges. 



As in going to stop him we walked Avith our 

 face turned towards him, he has likewise learnt 

 that our going up to him turned towards him 

 means that he is to stop. 



He is sent a step back by pressing the caves- 

 soii with the lounge against his head, keeping it 

 straight and low, and with this is associated a 



