156 HOW THE HORSE LEAENS 



aid for movino- is given a forward gesture is made 

 with an arm and hand as though to show the way, 

 and these two signs are accompanied by a threat 

 with .the whip behind, which compels him to ad- 

 vance, he soon learns that at such a gesture he 

 must advance without its being accompanied by 

 the advancing voice signal. 



Thus whilst the horse advances at a walk, 

 conducted by the two lounges, if we associate the 

 voice stopping signal with a thoroughly visible and 

 conspicuous signal, such as would be that of rai- 

 sing the hand, and having him stopped directly by 

 the two men holding him with the two lounges, 

 this makes him understand that this signal is for 

 him to stop. 



Touching or striking one of his forelegs with 

 the tip of the whip behind the knee is an aid 

 which means he is to lift that fore-leg and throw 

 out his foot. Tor the touching and striking with 

 the whip behind the knee may be substituted the 

 signal of pointing the tip of the whip to the leg 

 without touching it managing as follows. 



The whip is pointed conspicuously in the di- 



