HOW THE HORSE LEARNS 171 



two men each about one, two or three yards or 

 more away from liim, with two h)uno'es attached 

 to the cavesson. 



The idea of seizinjo- with tlic teeth and the ac- 

 tion of seizing with tlie teeth are called forth in 

 him by holding in front of his month an object, 

 not a hard one so that he should not liaTc jin un- 

 pleasant sensation in seizing it, but one which is 

 thin and easv for him to seize, and bv luncliinjjc 

 him behind the second bone of the shoulder where 

 he feels tickling. Pinching him gives rise in him 

 to the idea of biting, excites him to bite in order 

 to stop the tickling irritation and the excitation 

 due to the pinches, and tinding in front of his 

 mouth the object held there, he bites the object. 

 The voice signal to advance which he already 

 knows may assist in exciting him to bite the object 

 if associated with the pinches. 



As soon as he bites and seizes the object the 

 pinching is stopped, he is caressed and spoken to 

 soothingly, and is given something to eat which he 

 likes ; so he understands that the action he is requi- 

 red to perform is to seize the object with his 



