HOW OBEDIENCE IS TAUGHT 215 



Prom this moment onwards there will be no 

 more oppositions and reactions if we proceed w ith 

 the necessary gradation, and in a manner suited 

 to the individual mental and physical nature of the 

 horse being instructed. In the beginning his oppo- 

 sitions and reactions should be tolerated, we moving 

 around him in such a wav as to avoid beinj? atta- 

 eked, and treating him passively by preventing 

 onl}' what we can, and never punishing him with 

 the whip in order not to excite his anger as pu- 

 nishment with the whip would make him think 

 that we are liis enemies and he could not acquire 

 trust and confidence in us. 



Rare and moderate cavesson aids alone must 

 be used as they have an imposing effect without 

 irritating or exciting anger and therefore reactions 

 as do the whip punishments. If the first move- 

 ment of resistance and every other act of revolt is 

 punished with the whip he tmly revolts the more, 

 whilst if the} are not punislied but are taken no 

 notice of, he in most cases abandons them. 



Most cases of opposition and reactions are aver- 

 come by patience, by not taking any notice of 



