FEAR 241 



How fear may he removed. 



It is the idea of many that fear should be pu- 

 nished. By so doing the fear is increased instead 

 of being overcome and the horse becomes ever 

 more afraid. His fear cannot be removed by inflic- 

 ting punishment because the punishment inflicted 

 in presence of the object which has given rise in 

 him to the feeling of fear, owing to his mode of 

 judgment as stated in the chapter « How the horse 

 learns » , is an association of pain coupled with 

 the object of fear and he believes it to be caused 

 by this object of fear. Therefore when he again 

 views this object he expects that he will be pu- 

 nished anew. Thus by inflicting punishments on 

 him his fear has been increased and he has been 

 given a "second fear, that of punishments because 

 punishments in themselves inspire fear and dislike. 



The fear may be removed only l)y persuading 

 him that the object of which he is afraid does 

 not do him any harm. This ijersua.sion can only 

 come to the horse from seeing that whilst he has 



16 



