298 REACTIONS 



and does it wbenever provoked. His liaving made 

 this discovery and retaining the memor}' of it gi- 

 ves rise in him to the impulse to repeat the reac- 

 tions even without provocation or any special 

 reason except that of his remembering having been 

 able to do so, and from repeating them many times 

 he acquires the habit. 



Save in the case of vicious-natured horses it is 

 for the most part the rider who by his wrong 

 treatment has made the horse his enemy, and by 

 his lack of skill has allowed him to understand 

 that the rider is feeble and that he can do as he 

 desires, can react and conquer. 



Special causes of reactions. 



The different ways in which the horse may ^be 

 excited to anger are chiefly the particular causes 

 of most of his reactions; they are — the hand 



aids which hurt his mouth ; — the aids and pu- 

 nishments for exciting going inflicted when, not 

 being in an obedient frame of mind, he does not 

 tolerate them and by them is excited to anger and 



