OKf BRIDLING 325 



subject it may be useful to repeat that the mate- 

 rial eifect of the various actions of the hands by 

 means of the reins on the curb-bit is to cause a 

 certain degree of pain to the moutli (more or less) 

 in order that the horse, to make the pain cease, 

 may be willing to do one of these things : — dimi- 

 nish his motion or stop; — yield with head, neck 

 and body ; — assume a particular attitude of head, 

 neck, and body ; — bend head,, neck or body ; — go 

 to one side and backward ; — do some other par- 

 ticular actiim; — put his i)ody in a collected 

 position. 



The several actions of the hands have also the 

 effect of mechanically indicating to the horse the 

 various positi<ms in whicli it is desired that he 

 should place himself and of inducing him mecha- 

 nically to assume these positi(ms. 



As soon as the horse vields to the actions of 

 the hands jind does that which by these actions 

 has been demanded of him, the actions of the 

 hands should cease in order that the horse may 

 understand that he causes the pain given to his 

 mouth by the bit to cease when he yields his head, 



