DICOTYLEDONES. 35 



herbs ; as, the Dry as octopetala, Cinquefoil (Poten- 

 tilla nivea), and the common Strawberry (Fragaria 

 vesca). To these succeed, according to Wahlenberg, 

 at 3200 feet below the snow-line, some small shrubs : 

 for instance, in Lapland, the Raspberry (Rubus cha- 

 mcemorus), and the Rubus arcticus. Afterwards, 

 larger species of shrubs, and small and large trees, 

 are found. In the Temperate Zone, besides many 

 herbs and shrubs, all stone-fruits belong to this class. 

 15. Most of the Amentaceous plants (Amentacece) 

 consist of shrubs and trees : yet this Order begins 

 in the neighbourhood of the snow-line, in plants that 

 are partly herbaceous (Salix polaris and herbacea) ; 

 continuing from thence as far as the Tropics, in a 

 multifarious variety of under-shrubs and dwarf trees ; 

 and finally in the Torrid Zone, ending in trees. Salix 

 lanata and myrsinites, as well as the dwarf Birch- 

 tree (Betula nana), occur in Lapland, as far as 

 800 feet below the level of the snow-line, according to 

 WAHLENBERG. This Order contains most of the 

 shrubs and trees of the Cold and Warm Zones ; as, 

 the Willows, Poplars, Birch, Hazel, Beech, Elms, 

 Oaks, and Alders. As the frondiferous forests of the 

 Temperate Zone chiefly consist of plants of this 

 Order, the region from the 60th to the 40th degree 

 N.L. may be regarded as their native country. They 



