SPREADING OF BIRDS. 69 



Northern Hemisphere. Several species inhabit the 

 Frigid and Temperate Zones ; as in Spitzbergen 

 (L. tridactylusy L. rissa, L. glaucus); Greenland and 

 Iceland (L. fuscus, L. eburneus, L. canus, L. catar- 

 rhactes, L. parasilicus) ; Norway (L. argentatus). 

 Eight Gulls are also reckoned to be natives of 

 Germany. 



9. Cormorants (Colymbus) extend over the Cold 

 and Temperate Regions, especially of the Northern 

 Hemisphere ; as, C. triole, C. immer, C. arcticus, C. 

 glacialis, C. borealis, C. septentrionalis. 



10. The Mergus is peculiar to the Temperate 

 Zone. 



11. The greatest number of Ducks (Anas) inhabit 

 the sea shores, and also, in a smaller degree, the 

 fresh water ; and spread over the whole earth : yet 

 they are more numerous in the Cold and colder half 

 of the Temperate Zone than in the Torrid. Our 

 common Goose (A. anser) is found, in a wild state, in 

 several regions of both the New and Old World, 

 throughout Europe, in Arabia, Persia, China, Japan, 

 at the Cape of Good Hope, in New-Zealand, Labra- 

 dor, and on the Falkland Islands. The Whistling 

 Swan (A.cygnus) inhabits the extreme North; the 

 Domestic Swan (A. olor) the northernmost parts of 

 Russia and Siberia. In the Frigid Zone of the 



