78 PICTURE OF ORGANIZED NATURE. 



mers, and Thrushes, some are met with near the 

 snow-line, or in its neighbourhood. 



40. Of all the Finches, the Snow-Bunting (Em- 

 beriza nivalis) extends the farthest beyond the snow- 

 line. It is met with in flocks in Spitzbergen and the 

 neighbouring Icy Plains ; and is found in Lapland, 

 according to Wahlenberg, 2100 feet above the limit of 

 snow, where it is the only living animal found. Our 

 Yellow-Hammer (E. citrinella) spreads throughout 

 Europe. Several species of this Genus inhabit the 

 Temperate, and many of them the Warm Zones. 

 There are seventy-eight species known ; nine of which 

 are natives of Germany. 



41. The family of Finches (Fringilla)is very abun- 

 dant in the colder part of the Temperate Zone : 

 in Germany there are, together with the Fi skins, 

 fourteen species of them. The Snowfinch (F. niva- 

 lis) inhabits the snowy summits of the Caucasus and 

 Persian Mountains ; the Lapland Finch (F. lappo- 

 nica) Lapland, Greenland, the middle part of Sibe- 

 ria, and Hudson's Bay; the Arctic Finch (F.flam- 

 rostris) is common to Norway, and the north-east 

 parts of Siberia. Our House- Sparrow (F. domestica) 

 is common throughout Europe, and in Egypt, Sene- 

 gal Syria, and other regions of Asia and Africa. Our 

 Chaffinch (F. ccelebs) inhabits the whole of Europe. 



