SPREADING OF BIRDS. 79 



There are one hundred and sixteen species ; many 

 of which inhabit the warmer part of the Temperate 

 and the Torrid Zones. 



42. The family of the Wagtails and Nightingales 

 (Motacilla) comprehends almost two hundred species ; 

 of which, at least, twenty-nine, or, if Hedge-Sparrows 

 be included, thirty-two, species are found in Ger- 

 many ; most of them are natives of warm countries. 

 Our Nightingale (M. luscinia) is met with through- 

 out Europe, from Sweden to Greece, and also in 

 Siberia. The Alpine Hedge- Sparrow (M. alpina) 

 inhabits the Alps of Carinthia, Ukraine, Auvergne, 

 and Dauphine. The Wren (M. troglodytes) is met 

 with throughout Europe ; and also in Unalaska, 

 and at Aleppo. 



43. The family of Cherryfinch (Loxia) compre- 

 hends almost one hundred species, and extends from 

 the Temperate to the Warm Zones. Six species only 

 are known in Germany. The Caucasian Cherryfinch 

 (L. rubicilla) is met with in the coldest tracts of the 

 Caucasian Mountains, and approaches nearest to 



the snow-line. 



44. The family of the Thrush (Turdus) is dif- 

 fused in a similar manner. Of one hundred and 

 thirty-five species hitherto known, there are only ten 

 in Germany. Lapland, Kamtchatka, Hudson's Bay, 

 and corresponding regions in the Southern Hemi- 



