SPREADING OF BIRDS. 81 



general, common to the Temperate*Zone ; and their 

 extension has been said to reach the 5th degree 

 below the snow-line. 



49. The family of Swallows (Hirundo) spreads 

 in thirty-eight species over the Frigid, Temperate, 

 and Warm countries. Our Chimney Swallow (H. 

 domestica) is found from Norway to the Cape of Good 

 Hope ; from Kamtchatka to India and Japan ; and 

 in all the regions of North America. The House- 

 Martin (H. urbica) is found in Europe and America : 

 the Swift-Martin (H. apus) inhabits the whole of 

 Europe, and is met with at the Cape of Good Hope, 

 and in North America. Unalaska possesses also a 

 peculiar species of Swallow. The Alpine Swallow 

 (H. melba) is found on the Alps. 



50. Of the family of Flycatchers (Muscicapd), which 

 comprehends more than one hundred species, but 

 few are natives of the colder half of the Tempe- 

 rate Zone, and even these are only found in single 

 numbers. Four or five species are also in Germany. 

 The Spotted Flycatcher (M. grisola) does not reach 

 farther than the 55th degree N.L. ; and the second 

 species, which is peculiar to Germany (M. atrica- 

 pilla), does not appear beyond Sweden. Yet there 

 are probably two species in Kamtchatka. 



51. The Colics (Colius), which are allied to the 



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