292 The Unity of the Organism 



ganism than is intellect, as phylogenic and ontogenic psy- 

 chology make clear, if a pronouncement implying a de- 

 rogation from the reality and natural prerogatives of the 

 individual be issued from the intellect, a response of protest 

 and antagonism would be expected from instinct. This would 

 be expected as an ordinary organic impulse to self-defense 

 and self-preservation. 



The Nature of "Outer" or Objective and "Inner" or 

 Subjective 



What we have to do consequently is to scrutinize the con- 

 scious individual in order to see if it presents any uniqueness 

 of attributes and of transformatory power in reacting with 

 other bodies that is on a par with the uniqueness of an ordi- 

 nary chemical substance in the same respects. Now it is, 

 'as suggested some pages back, exactly in the conscious, the 

 subjective life, that such uniqueness is most easily demon- 

 strable. There are several ways in which the conscious indi- 

 vidual manifests this uniqueness. A particularly convincing 

 way, I think, is in the relation between what are commonly 

 known as the objective, or "outer," and the subjective or 

 "inner" sides of mental life. This, consequently, will be the 

 approach to the subject chosen by us and we will enter upon 

 it by returning to Royce, first to his "Outlines of Psychol- 

 ogy," then a little later to some of his specifically philosophi- 

 cal writings. 



In the first chapter of the Outlines, devoted to initial defi- 

 nitions and explanations, Royce states, simply and clearly, 

 a distinction "between our physical and mental life," which 

 elsewhere he has worked out with great elaboration. Thus: 

 "Physical facts are usually conceived as 'public property,' 

 patent to all properly equipped observers. All such observ- 

 ers, according to our customary view, see the same physical 

 facts. But psychical facts are essentially 'private property,' 



