THE PLANT-BODY 



27 



the capture of living animals mostly small Insects and Crustacea. 

 Among the lower plant-forms similar traps occur in a few tropical 

 Liverworts. 



Sporophylls. The sporangia of the Ferns and Flowering Plants 

 are usually borne upon special leaves, Sporophylls, which may be 

 little changed in the ordinary Ferns, but are sometimes very differ- 

 ent from the foliage leaves, as in the Sensitive Fern (Onoclea). In 

 the Flowering Plants, or Seed-plants, the sporophylls are much 



FIG. 19. A, inflorescence of Oxalis sp., with bracts, 6. B, leaf of Sweet Pea, the 

 terminal leaflets modified into tendrils, ten. C, inflorescence of Cornus florida, 

 the inconspicuous flowers surrounded by showy .bracts, b. D, spiny leaf of 

 Quercus agrifolia. 



changed, and are given special names Carpels and Stamens. The 

 carpels bear the sporangia (ovules) which later form the seeds, and 

 the stamens, the pollen-sacs, in which are produced the pollen-spores. 

 The sporophylls, together with the other floral leaves, Petals, and 

 Sepals, constitute the flower of the Seed-plants. 



The Root 



The primary root in the young plant is generally a continuation 

 of the shoot, and this persists throughout the life of the plant in 

 those forms with a tap-root (Fig. 20). More commonly the primary 

 root is replaced by secondary lateral ones, as in all Ferns and Mono- 

 cotyledons. The normal roots of vascular plants have the growing 

 point protected by a conical mass of cells, the root-cap. 



The roots have two principal functions, that of anchoring the 



