240 BOTANY 



sometimes made. Where it is terminal, i.e. borne upon the main 

 shoot, as in Poly trichum or Funaria, it is said to be " acrocarpous " ; 

 where the fertile shoots are lateral ones, the plant is said to be 

 " pleurocarpous," as the genus Hypnum. 



The division into genera is largely made upon the character of the 

 sporophyte, and especially the peristome. The latter is wanting in a 

 few of the simple Stegocarpse (e.g. Gymnostomium). In Tetraphis 

 the peristome arises from the splitting of the whole mass of tissue 

 beneath the operculum into four teeth. In the Polytrichaceae (Fig. 

 198, C) the peristome is composed mainly of peculiar fibrous cells, 

 and the mouth of the theca is covered with an " epiphragm " com- 

 posed of a single layer of cells. In much the greater number the 

 peristome is composed merely of the remains of the cell-walls of the 

 peristomial cells. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



'96. 1. Barnes, C. R., and Heald, F. D. Analytic Keys to the Genera and 



Species of North American Mosses. Madison, Wis., 1896. 

 '95. 2. Campbell, D. H. Structure and Development of the Mosses and Ferns. 



London and New York, 1895. (Contains full bibliography of the 



subject.) 



'96. 3. . The Development of Geothallus tuberosus. Ann. of Bot. , X. 



1896. 

 '93-'01. 4. Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. Theil 1, Abt. 3. Hepaticse. 



Schiffner, V. 1893. Musci. Muller, C., and Ruhland,W. 1898-1901. 



(Contains full bibliography.) 

 '87. 5. Goebel, K. Outlines. Oxford, 1887. 



'00. 6. . Organography of Plants. Oxford, 1900. 



'99. 7. Howe, M. A. The Hepaticse and Anthocerotes of California. Mem. 



Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. 7. 1899. 

 '84. 8. Lesquereux, L., and James, T. P. Manual of the Mosses of North 



America. Boston, 1884. 

 '79. 9. Luerssen, Chr. Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik, I. Leipzig, 



1879. 



'97. 10. Muller, C. See Engler and Prantl. 

 '79. 11. Ruhland, W. See Engler and Prantl. 

 '79. 12. Schiffner, V. See Engler and Prantl. 

 '90. 13. Underwood, L. M. The Hepaticse. Gray's Manual of Botany, 6th ed. 



1890. 



'96. 14. Vines, S. H. Text-book of Botany. London and New York, 1896. 

 '85. 15. Warming, E. W. Handbook of Systematic Botany. London and 



New York, 1885. 



