ANGIOSPERM^E 



367 



vigorously than the main axis. Thus the older flowers are upper- 

 most or central. There are three types of cymose inflorescences : 

 (1) The Monochasium, where each partial axis produces a single 

 branch. Where these all 

 arise on one side, the heli- 

 coid cyme, such as occurs 

 in Heliotrope, Myosotis, 

 etc., is produced. (2) The 

 Dichasium ; two branches 

 are produced from each 



A 



FIG. 334. Indehiscent succulent fruits. A, sec- 

 tion of young cherry (drupe). B, Persimmon, 

 Diospyros Vlrginiana (berry). C, section of 

 young Persimmon, showing the four carpels of 

 which it is composed. D, Solanum dulcamara 

 (berry) . 



axis. (3) Pleiochasium ; 

 each axis produces more 

 than two branches. 



The Fruit 



The fruits of Angio- 



sperms may be first di- 

 vided into the apocarpous 



and syncarpous fruits. 



The first are those derived 



from a single carpel (e.g. 



Ranunculus, Sagittaria), the second from two or more united carpels. 



The fruit consists of two parts, the seed and the Pericarp, or 

 wall. When the latter, as in the various 

 stone-fruits, is differentiated into several 

 layers (Fig. 334, A), these are known as 

 the Exocarp, Mesocarp, and Endocarp; the 

 mesocarp may be pulpy, and known as Sar- 

 cocarp. 



The principal 

 types of fruits 

 are the following 

 (Figs. 332-337) : 



I. The Capsule, 

 a dry fruit with a 

 dry pericarp open- 

 ing regularly at 

 maturity. The 

 capsule opens 

 most frequently 



FIG. 335. Acorn of Quer- 

 ctis tnacrocurpa. (After 

 BAILEY.) 



FIG. 336. Section 

 Apple (pome) . 

 BAILEY.) 



of an 

 (After 



by longitudinal fissures, which follow either the line of separa- 

 tion of the carpels (septicidal dehiscence), or each carpel is split 

 longitudinally (loculicidal). More rarely the capsule opens by 

 pores (Papaver) or by a lid (Jeffersonia). The "Follicle" (Aqui- 



