368 



BOTANY 



legia) and " Legume " (Bean, Pea, etc.) are examples of apocarpous 

 capsules. 



II. Dry, indehiscent fruit. These are fruits 

 with hard, dry pericarp, which does not sepa- 

 rate from the seed. The "Nuts" of Hazel, 

 Acorns, the "Caryopsis" (grain) of Grasses, 

 the seedlike fruits (Achenes) of the Coni- 

 positae, are examples of these. Differing from 

 the achene in having a loose pericarp, is the 

 " Utricle " e.g. species of Carex. 



III. Schizocarp. A dry fruit composed of 

 several indehiscent carpels which separate from 

 each other e.g. Hollyhock, Umbellif erse. 



IV. The Berry. The berry has the endo- 

 carp and mesocarp pulpy. The Grape and 

 Gooseberry are examples, and Melons and 

 Pumpkins show much the same structure on 

 a large scale. 



V. The Stone-fmit or Drupe. The Cherry, 

 Plum, Peach, etc., are familiar examples of 

 stone-fruits. The inner part of the endocarp 

 forms the " stone." The seed is the kernel 



enclosed within the stone. Among the Monocotyledons, the Date and 

 Cocoanut offer examples of stone-fruits. 



FIG. 337. Section of a 

 Fig. The " fruit " is a 

 hollow receptacle con- 

 taining many flowers, 

 each of which pro- 

 duces a single one- 

 seeded fruit (" seed "). 

 (After BAILEY.) 



FIG. 338. Specialization of the flower. A, hypogynous flower, with sympetalous, 

 actinomorphic corolla (Hydrophyllum appendiculatum). B, Zygomorphic, hy- 

 pogynous flower of Linaria vulgaris. C, zygomorphic epigynous flower of an 

 Orchid (Aplectrum hiemale) ; I, lip, or labellum: gy, gynostemium, or column, 

 formed of the coherent stamen and pistil. D, section of the column of an Orchid 

 (.Arethusa bulbosa) ; an, anther ; st, stigma.. 



