438 



BOTANY 



Order VIII. Rhamnales 



The order Khamnales is a small one, and includes but two families, Rham- 



nacese and Vitaceae. They are 

 woody plants, often climbers, and 

 the flowers, which are sometimes 

 diclinous, are usually inconspicu- 

 ous. The flowers may be either 

 hypogynous or epigynous. 



Rhamnaceae. The family 

 Rhamnacese is represented by 

 species of Rhamnus (Buckthorn) 

 and Ceanothus. The latter genus 

 is especially well represented in 

 California, where species of Ceano- 

 thus are important components of 

 the dense scrub or "chaparral" 

 upon the dry mountain sides. 



Vitaceae. The Virginia creeper 

 (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) and 

 various species of Grape (Vitis) 

 FIG. 431. Fremontia Calif ornica. B, section represent the Vitacese (Fig. 429). 

 of the ovary. 



Order IX. Malvales 



The Malvales comprise several families, some of which have very conspicu- 

 ous flowers. While the flowers usually are heterochlamydeous, a few, like 

 A 



B /^^ f^Q - H 



FIG. 432. A-G, Viola cucullata. H-L, Hypericum perforatum. 



