456 



BOTANY 



Order VIII. Campanulatae 



The flowers of the Campanulatse are typically pentamerous, with inferior 

 ovary composed of a single one-ovuled carpel (Coinpositse) or compound, and 

 with numerous ovules in each loculus of the ovary. The lower families Cucur- 

 bitacese, Campanulacese (Fig. 446) have large flowers, which are sometimes 

 (Cucurbitaceae) diclinous. 



FIG. 447. (Jirxium arvense. C, single flower, enlarged, showing pappus, p, ovary, 

 o, and stamens, an. D, I, stamens from, a young flower ; p, pollen ; II, stamens, 

 an, and pistil, gy, from an older flower. E, ripe fruit, showing downy pappus. 



Composite. In the Compositse, the most important and highest family of the 

 order, the individual flowers are small, but they are collected into "heads" 

 which are often rendered showy by the petal-like split corollas of some or all 

 the flowers. The head is surrounded by a series of closely set bracts, which 

 form a calyx-like involucre about the inflorescence. 



The Compositse are often divided into two families, the Ligulatse (Cichoriacese), 

 in which all the flowers are alike and provided with a strap-shaped corolla 

 (Fig. 447, A), and which possess milky juice ; and the Compositae proper, in 



