550 BOTANY 



which are to be considered as stragglers from the West. Thus the 

 genera Mimulus and Castilleia, which are especially numerous in 

 California, have each a single representative in the Eastern states. 



The central part of California is a meeting-ground for the northern 

 and southern forms. In the Redwood forests of the Coast range, the 

 northern Violets, Trilliums, and Fritillarias flourish, and not infre- 

 quently follow the deep shady canyons almost to the level of the 

 valley, where they meet the southern Poppies and Lupines. 



Some of the commonest of the valley plants are not natives, but 

 are importations, like most of the common roadside plants of the 

 East. The Wild-oats (Avena fatua), which covers the foot-hills of 

 many Californian valleys ; the " Filaree " (Erodium), and the Bur- 

 clover (Me.dica.go denticulate?), which are the commonest of weeds, are 

 all emigrants from the South of Europe, probably arriving with the 

 first Spanish settlers, but succeeding better in holding their own in 

 the new country in their competition with the natives and with other 

 invaders. 



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'00. 1. Bray, W. L. Plant Geography of North America : The Relation of 

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'01. 2. The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation of Western Texas. 



Botanical Gazette, XXXII. 1901. 



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11. Engler and Prantl. Naturliche Pflanzenfamilien. 



12. Gray, A. Manual of Botany. 



'89. 13. - - Scientific Papers. Boston, 1889. 



'!>8. 14. Hitchcock, A. D. Ecological Plant Geography of Kansas. Trans. 



Acad. of Sc., St. Louis, VIII. 1898. 

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