is himself going to be more than an average 

 farmer. If he is not he will only get aver- 

 age results, in which case his labor income 

 will be only that of the ordinary day 

 laborer. 



To repeat the idea in concrete terms. If 

 the young farmer is located in central Penn- 

 sylvania and finds that the average yield of 

 wheat for the state is 17 bushels an acre, he 

 may safely estimate that his improved 

 methods will bring him 25 bushels of wheat 

 to the acre. He may even hope for 34 

 bushels per acre. At the Pennsylvania sta- 

 tion several varieties of wheat have, during 

 the past 1 8 years, averaged over 30 bushels 

 per acre. One year one variety produced 

 43 bushels. It would not be safe, however, 

 to use such figures in estimating profits. 



Having outlined the cropping system and 

 made a careful estimate of the total annual 

 production of each crop, the next step is to 

 determine the amount of food and bedding 

 required for the live stock. From this data 

 it may be determined what products will be 

 available for sale, and what foodstuffs must 

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