RIVER FISH AND FISHING. 383 



Shrimps are much used for angling in tide waters, and 

 are good baits for perch, if used alive. 



The cockchafer is a common bait, but is not of much 

 value in angling, except for chub. 



Dung beetles, of various kinds, are also employed, 

 and some anglers use them after removing their wing-cases. 

 They should be placed crosswise on the hook. 



Grasshoppers form good baits for some fish, and are 

 much used for chub in particular. They are met with 

 after the beginning of June till the end of September. 

 The greener and larger they are, the better they take. 



Butterflies and moths are also sometimes efficient 

 baits, but their artificial representations are more common- 

 ly used. 



The ephemera, or natural May-fly, is used as a 

 bait during the period when it comes forth in countless 

 myriads. By baiting with this fly in May and June suc- 

 cess is often attained, putting two flies on the hook at the 

 same time. 



Caddis-flies are also used in the same way as the 

 ephemera. 



Humble bees, blue-bottle flies, gnats, and ant-flies are 

 held in estimation by many anglers, as well as the harry- 

 long-legs, and the common house-fly. 



Many larvae or grubs are used in bottom-fishing, 

 and are of great service in that department. Of these 

 the principal are 1st, flesh maggots ; 2d, beetle larvce; 

 3d, caddies; and 4th, caterpillars. 



Flesh maggots, or gentles, are obtained and scoured 

 in the following manner : Procure any kind of flesh, or 



