RIVER FISH AND FISHING. 397 



little varnish at each end, and the fly is complete. All 

 palmers and hackles, figs. 2, 3, and 4, are made on this 

 principle, substituting various feathers for the cock's 

 hackle, and various dubbings for the peacock-herl. 



SIMPLE WINGED-FLIES. Sometimes a pair of wings 

 are tied on at the same time as the hackle-point, and after- 

 wards the hackle is wound round the shank, and thus 

 serves to keep the wings from lying flat against the hook 

 when in the water. (See the black gnat, hare-lug, yellow 

 sally, oak-fly, caperer, &c.) 



THE BLACK GNAT, fig. 5, is tied in the same way as 

 the peacock hackle, using a smaller hook, No. 13, and 

 fine black silk. A small black ostrich-herl forms the body, 

 and a piece of the starling's wing-feather the wings. A 

 very fine black cock's hackle is used for the legs. 



THE HARE-LUG, fig. 6, is composed of a body consist- 

 ing of a dubbing from the back of the hare's ear, making 

 it thin and neat towards the tail, and pretty stout near 

 the shoulder. The hook is of the same size as in the black 

 gnat, and the wings are the same. After these are tied, 

 pick out a little of the dubbing to make the legs. 



THE YELLOW SALLY, fig. 7, is tied exactly like the 

 hare-lug, with the substitution of yellow or buff mohair or 

 fur for that of the hare, and the addition of a fine yellow 

 cock's hackle for legs ; wings from a feather from the 

 inside of the thrush's wing. Hook No. 12. 



THE OAK-FLY, fig. 8. The body is made of brown 

 mohair and a little hare's ear-fur towards the tail. Legs of 

 a bittern's hackle, or partridge feather, or a furnace-cock's 

 hackle ; wings of a woodock's wing-feather. , Hook No. 8. 



