714 AMERICAN FORESTRY 



entailed does not exceed 25 or 30 cents per thousand board feet cut. In con- 

 trast. View No. 4 shows some private timberland which has been cut over in 

 the same general locality without any disposal being made of the tops and 

 other debris resulting from logging. There is no need to point out to any 

 lumberman the fact that the conditions shown in View No. 4 present a 

 fire trap that is a constant menace to the property of all timberland owners, 

 government, corporate and private. 



After the National Forest area has been cut over by the lumberman, who 

 has removed the largest and best of the mature trees, the brush piles shown 

 in View No. 3 are disposed of by burning. The brush piles on this area were 

 burned by Forest officers during the winter when the ground was covered with 

 a foot or two of snow, which eliminated the danger of fire running in the 

 forest. 



View No. 5 shows the log pond and small sawmill located within the 

 National Forest where the smaller logs are cut into ties or mine timbers 

 and the larger logs are slabbed for shipping through the flume to the larger 

 mill in the valley. 



View No. 6 shows a railroad tie which has just taken the plunge into 

 the flume after it has been thrown off the carriage of the small sawmill, from 

 which it goes floating on its course to the yards of the valley mill. 



Views Nos. 7 and 8 show the large sawmill plant in the valley w^here 

 the timber not handled in the smaller mill is finally manufactured into mer- 

 chantable products. The smaller trees and top logs which are used in the 

 round, for mining timbers are lifted from the log pond and placed in the 

 mill yard by the chain conveyor shown in View No. 7. The railroad ties 

 which have been floated down from the mountain are loaded direct from 

 the mill pond on an endless chain into the railroad cars. 



The only points in which this logging operation differs from one con- 

 ducted upon private lands is in the piling of the brush, the leaving of a fair 

 stand of young timber, and the protection of that timber so that it may 

 produce a future crop of merchantable trees. Lumbermen throughout the 

 western part of the country already keenly realize the manifold advantages 

 which they gain by purchasing stumpage from the National Forests and sales 

 of government timbers have shown a tremendous increase within the past 

 few years. Two of the most important advantages which a lumberman gains 

 by purchasing his stumpage from the government consist in the fact that he 

 assumes no fire risk, since if the timber were burned before he had completed 

 cutting his purchase, the loss would fall upon the government, and, secondly, 

 by purchasing stumpage from the government he is enabled to pay for it under 

 a system of partial payments and avoid the necessity of having a large amoup'' 

 of capital tied up in standing timber long before he can realize upon it. 



