II 



THE ARRIVAL OF MAN IN 

 EUROPE 



TOWARD the close of the Pleistocene 

 age the general outlines of the Euro- 

 pean continent had assumed very much 

 their present appearance everywhere except in 

 the northwest. The British Islands still re- 

 mained joined to one another and to the Gaulish 

 mainland, and occupied the greater part of the 

 area of the German Ocean. According to Mr. 

 James Geikie, the connection with Norway again 

 became complete, and the Atlantic ridge was 

 again so far elevated as to bring Scotland into 

 connection with Greenland through the Faroe 

 Islands and Iceland. The whole of Britain stood 

 at an average elevation of from 600 to 1000 

 feet above its present level. The Thames, Hum- 

 ber, Tyne, and Forth must all have flowed into 

 the Rhine, which emptied itself into the North 

 Sea beyond the latitude of the Shetlands. The 

 glaciers of Europe had retreated within the Arc- 

 tic Circle, or up to the higher valleys of the 

 great mountain ranges ; and the climate was 



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