EXCURSIONS OF AN EVOLUTIONIST 



for a shelter against the storm. As to what may 

 have been the social organization of these pri- 

 meval savages, nothing whatever is known. 

 They were a wide-spread race. Their imple- 

 ments have been found, in more or less abun- 

 dance, in Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, 

 Greece, northern Africa, Palestine, and Hin- 

 dustan. Their bones have been found in the 

 valleys of the Rhine, the Seine, the Somme, 

 and the Vezere, in sufficient numbers to show 

 that they were a dolichocephalic or long-headed 

 race, with prominent jaws, but no complete 

 skeleton has as yet been discovered. 



These River-drift men, as already observed, 

 belonged to the southern fauna which inhabited 

 Europe before the approach of the glacial cold. 

 As the climate of Europe became arctic and 

 temperate by turns, the River-drift men appear 

 to have by turns retreated southward to Italy 

 and Africa, and advanced northward into Britain, 

 along with the leopards, hyaenas, and elephants, 

 with which they were contemporary. But after 

 several such migrations they returned no more, 

 but instead of them we find plentiful traces of 

 the Cave-men, a race apparently more limited 

 in its range, and clearly belonging to a sub-arc- 

 tic fauna. The bones and implements of the 

 Cave-men are found in association with remains 

 of the reindeer and bison, the arctic fox, the 

 mammoth, and the woolly rhinoceros. They are 



36 



