THE ARRIVAL OF MAN IN EUROPE 



found in great abundance in southern and cen- 

 tral England, in Belgium, Germany, and Switz- 

 erland, and in every part of France ; but no- 

 where as yet have their remains been discovered 

 south of the Alps and Pyrenees. A diligent ex- 

 ploration of the Pleistocene caves of England 

 and France, during the past twenty years, has 

 thrown some light upon their mode of life. 

 Not a trace of pottery has been found anywhere 

 associated with their remains, so that it is quite 

 clear that the Cave-men did not make earthen- 

 ware vessels. Burnt clay is a peculiarly inde- 

 structible material, and where it has once been 

 in existence it is sure to leave plentiful traces 

 of itself. Meat was baked in the caves by con- 

 tact with hot stones, or roasted before the blaz- 

 ing fire. Fire may have been obtained by friction 

 between two pieces of wood, or between bits 

 of flint and iron pyrites. Clothes were made 

 of the furs of bisons, reindeer, bears, and other 

 animals, rudely sewn together with threads of 

 reindeer sinew. Even long fur gloves were used, 

 and necklaces of shells and of bear's and lion's 

 teeth. The stone tools and weapons were far 

 finer in appearance than those of the River-drift 

 men, though they were still chipped, and not 

 ground. They made borers and saws as well 

 as spears and arrow-heads ; and besides these 

 stone implements they used spears and arrows 

 headed with bone, and daggers of reindeer ant- 

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