THE ARRIVAL OF MAN IN EUROPE 



peas, poppies, apples, pears, plums, and flax, 

 which grew in the gardens and orchards of 

 Neolithic Switzerland. 



This rudimentary Neolithic civilization was 

 spread all over Europe, with the exception of the 

 northern parts of Russia and Scandinavia ; and 

 there can be no doubt that it lasted for a great 

 many centuries. It certainly lingered in Gaul 

 and Britain long after the valley of the Nile had 

 become the seat of a mighty empire; perhaps 

 even after the Akkadian power had established 

 itself at the mouth of the Euphrates, and " Ur 

 of the Chaldees " had become a name famous 

 in the world. Still more, it is clear that the 

 Neolithic population has never been swept out 

 of Europe, like the Cave-men and the River- 

 drift men who had preceded it, but has remained 

 there, in a certain sense, to this day, and con- 

 stitutes a very important portion of our own 

 ancestry. 



So many skeletons have been obtained of the 

 men and women of the Neolithic period that we 

 can say, with some confidence, that the whole 

 of Europe was inhabited by one homogeneous 

 population, uniform in physical appearance. 

 The stature was small, averaging 5 feet 4 inches 

 for the men, and 4 feet 1 1 inches for the wo- 

 men; and the figure was slight. The skulls 

 were "dolichocephalic," or long and narrow; 

 but the jaws were small, the eyebrows and cheek- 

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