EXCURSIONS OF AN EVOLUTIONIST 



and weapons were no longer made of polished 

 stones, but were wrought from an alloy of cop- 

 per and tin. The great blonde Aryans every- 

 where overcame the small brunette Iberians, 

 but, instead of one race exterminating or ex- 

 pelling the other, the two races everywhere 

 became commingled in various proportions. 

 In Greece, southern Italy, Spain, and southern 

 France, where the Iberians were most numer- 

 ous as compared with the Aryan invaders, the 

 people are still mainly small in stature and dark 

 in complexion. In Russia and Scandinavia, 

 where there were very few Iberians, the people 

 show the purity of their Aryan descent in their 

 fair complexion and large stature; while in 

 northern Italy and northern France, in Ger- 

 many and the British Islands, the Iberian and 

 Aryan statures and complexions are intermin- 

 gled in endless variety. 



We have now carried this brief account of 

 the arrival of man in Europe as far as is requi- 

 site for our present purpose. Starting from 

 ages of which only a palasontological record is 

 preserved, we have gradually come down to a 

 period almost within the ken of history. We 

 have seen Europe inhabited in succession by 

 four distinct races of men : first, the men of the 

 River-drift, who belonged to a warm climate, 

 and who during the Glacial period became ex- 

 tinct, along with many of the sub-tropical mam- 



