THE ARRIVAL OF MAN IN EUROPE 



mals with which they were contemporary ; sec- 

 ondly ', the Cave-men, who belonged to a cold 

 climate, and of whom the Eskimos are now 

 probably a surviving remnant ; thirdly, the 

 swarthy Iberians ; and,/orM/y, the fair-skinned 

 Aryans, these two latest races having by in- 

 termarriage given rise to the present mixed 

 population of Europe. 



Our next problem is to see how far it may 

 be possible to introduce anything like chrono- 

 logy into this series of events. How long is it 

 since the River-drift men inhabited Europe ? 

 Or when did the first Iberians, with their pol- 

 ished stone axes and their herds of cattle, begin 

 to build their rude villages in Switzerland and 

 Gaul ? To such questions no very positive an- 

 swers can be returned. But still we are not 

 left wholly in the dark. A method of inquiry 

 can be pointed out, by following which we may 

 at least come to understand the " orders of 

 magnitudes " in time with which we have to 

 deal. We can substitute partially definite con- 

 ceptions for wholly vague ones. And we can 

 see how, by following the same line of inquiry 

 with more ample data, it may be possible by 

 and by to introduce something like chronology 

 into the geologic history of the earth's sur- 

 face. 



The so-called " Glacial epoch " here all at 

 once acquires a wonderful interest for us. We 

 47 



