OLD ARYAN WORDS 



houses and villages, but also with some kind of 

 walled towns. 



The name of the rampart with which such 

 fortified inclosures were surrounded was also 

 contained in the Old Aryan vocabulary. From 

 the old root val or var, to " protect " or " sur- 

 round," we have Skr. varana, Old Germ, wari, 

 Pol. warownia y Lat. vallum, Lith. wolas, Irish 

 fat, Kymric gwal y Eng. wall. The partition 

 wall of a house, on the other hand, is more 

 properly described by a root which in Sanskrit 

 seems to be applied to wicker-work, but which 

 in the European tongues appears, with hardly 

 any variation either in sound or sense, as Lat. 

 murusy Lith. muras y Old Germ. mura y modern 

 Germ, mauer, Irish, Kymric, Old Eng., and 

 Pol. mur. The name for " roof " is similarly 

 ubiquitous : in Skr. we have sthag y " to cover," 

 in Lith. stogas y " a roof," in Gr. o-reyo?, a "roof" 

 or " house," and crrcyeu, " to cover ; " but the 

 word appears about as often in Greek as reyo?, 

 with the initial letter dropped ; and so in Irish 

 we find teg, " a house," in Lat. tego and tectum, 

 in Old Eng. thecan y in Eng. deck and thatch. 

 In door there has been even less variation than 

 this : Skr. has dvar y and also dur in the Vedas ; 

 Zend dvara, Pers. dar y Gr. Bvpa y O. H. G. tura y 

 Goth. daur y Old Eng. duru y Irish and Welsh 

 dor; the Lithuanian has lost the singular, but 

 retains the plural durrys for folding-doors. The 

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