HEROES OF INDUSTRY 



once fighting and pillage, it is now the peaceful 

 cultivation of the earth and the transformation 

 of the earth's various productions into endlessly 

 complex instruments for satisfying human wants, 

 both physical and Eesthetic. Warfare has long 

 been necessary for the purpose of securing and 

 maintaining the political stability of great masses 

 of men, without which industry itself could not 

 attain to any high development. From this point 

 of view, warfare has not yet ceased to be neces- 

 sary, especially where civilized societies are mo- 

 lested or threatened by barbarous societies, and 

 no doubt it will be a long time before warfare 

 becomes extinct ; but, in spite of this, the sphere 

 of warfare in modern life has become very much 

 restricted. In such countries as England and 

 the United States, it takes up the time and at- 

 tention of only a very small part of the com- 

 munity, and only at considerable intervals acts 

 as a real disturbance to the prevailing occupa- 

 tions, which are almost entirely concerned, 

 directly or indirectly, with industry. The enor- 

 mous complication of modern society, which has 

 been mainly brought about by the labours of 

 industrial discoverers and inventors, in coopera- 

 tion with scientific inquirers, has brought things 

 to such a pass that men are more and more un- 

 willing to engage in warfare. The disturbance 

 which it works, though slight compared with the 

 chronic misery which it inflicted in earlier times, 

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