EXCURSIONS OF AN EVOLUTIONIST 



gether into an object." To vary the quaint ex- 

 pression of Ferrier, the minimum scibile per se is 

 not exactly ego plus object, but it is ego plus eject. 

 Along with what we call the objective element 

 in every piece of our knowledge there is not 

 only a reference to self, but there is also a sub- 

 conscious reference to other selves outside of 

 us. " And this sub-conscious reference to sup- 

 posed ejects," continues Clifford, " is what con- 

 stitutes the impression of externality in the object, 

 whereby it is described as not-me. At any rate, 

 the formation of the social object supplies an 

 account of this impression of outness, without 

 requiring me to assume any ejects or things 

 outside my consciousness except the minds of 

 other men. Consequently it cannot be argued 

 from the impression of outness that there is 

 anything outside of my consciousness except 

 the minds of other men." 



By this beautiful method of presentation, so 

 much fresh light is thrown upon some philosoph- 

 ical truths as to make them appear self-evident. 

 See what havoc it makes, at the outset, with the 

 crude notion of the materialists a notion sup- 

 ported by loose popular language and loose pop- 

 ular thinking that changes of consciousness 

 are caused by physical actions on or within the 

 organism. Materialists talk about "ideas "as 

 " originating " in the brain ; and people gener- 

 ally have become so far impressed with the no- 

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