INDEX 



Patois, the rise of, 141-143, 145 ; 

 the decay of, 143, 145. 



Pecunia, fecus, and _/, relation of, 

 121. 



Pelicans, Miocene, 22. 



Pen and feather, relation between, 

 105, 106. 



Pepin and environment, 187. 



Perihelion, earth's, 49, 50. 



Permian epoch, mammals and rep- 

 tiles of, 6, 7 ; glaciation in, 60. 



Persecution, causes of, 191-220 ; 

 logical basis of, destroyed by Les- 

 sing's theory of the relative truth 

 of opinions, 1 92 ; decline of the 

 spirit of, 192, 196,21 1 ; decline of 

 manifestations of, 192, 196, 210; 

 Buckle's theory of the cause of, 

 1 94-1 96 ; the dogma of exclusive 

 salvation and, 195 ; growth of 

 scepticism diminishes, 196 ; its 

 decline an illustration of man's in- 

 tellectual and moral progress, 201, 

 211; cruelties of, 204, 205; 

 diminished by industrialism, 210 ; 

 spirit of, originated in the disposi- 

 tion to domineer, 21 1 ; originated 

 in the assumption of infallibility ; 

 213 ; originated in the desire to 

 enforce religious unity, 224 ; the 

 idea of corporate responsibility a 

 cause of, 218, 219, 230-232, 

 261; as the work of a paganized 

 Christianity, 239, 



Persian, modern, a division of Aryan 

 speech, 83 j Arabic words in, 

 100. 



Persian Gulf in Tertiary period, 25. 



Persians, led by Ahura-Mazda to 

 Bombay, 70 ; migration of, from 

 central Asia, 72 j called Aryans, 



73-. 

 Peru, its flora and fauna compared 



with those of the Galapagos 



Islands, 316-318. 

 Peter the Hermit and social condi- 



tions, 174. 



Pferd, history of the word, 123. 

 Pheasants, Miocene, 22. 



Philip II., heretics burned at his 

 marriage, 204; and the Spanish 

 Armada, 231. 



Philology, comparative, 78 ; an his- 

 torical science, 112. 



Philosophic attitude of the 

 age, 259. 



Philosophy, modern, the charge of 

 its being materialistic refuted, 251 

 ^257. 



Pianist, training of the faculties 

 necessary to a, 281. 



Pig, and the anchitherium, 18 ; the 

 harbinger of civilization, 41 ; used 

 as money, 121 ; domesticated, 

 125, 324; teachable, 286. 



Pigeons, variety in, produced by 

 breeding, 324. 



Pines in Jurassic epoch, 6, 15. 



Plasticity of mind in highly educated 

 people, 216. 



Pleistocene age, 7; vicissitudes of 

 climate in, 29-31 ; European 

 mammals of, 29-31 ; river- 

 drift men in, 31 ; migration of 

 animals in, 32 ; coincident with 

 the glacial period, 59 ; climate of 

 Europe in, 60. 



Pliocene age, 7 ; physical contour 

 of Europe in, 25 ; vegetation in, 

 26 ; mammals in, 27, 29 ; man 

 found in Portugal and California 

 during, 28 ; probable antiquity of, 

 66. 



Po, the river, its work hi geological 

 denudation, 12. 



Poetry, rudimentary beginnings of, 

 185. 



Polar regions, deciduous trees in the, 

 17- 



Polish a branch of Slavonic speech, 

 87. 



Political economy, the truths dealt 



with in, 1 77. 

 Pollock, Frederick, edits Clifford's 



Lectures and Estays, 292. 

 Poplars, in Miocene age, 22 j in 



Pliocene age, 27. 

 Portugal, implements of human 



359 



