Vlll QUESTIONS ON 



Fig. 162 represents what kind of leaf? 163 ? 164 ? 

 Describe fig. 168. 166. 169. 



293. How are amplexicaul leaves inserted? Describe 170. 



294. Define perforate leaves. Connate. Point out the figures. 



TEXTURE AND SURFACE. 



295. Name five varieties in the texture of leaves. 



296. As to the surface, what is glabrous ? Scabrous ? 



297. Define carefully a pubescent surface. A villous. Sericeous. Lanu- 



ginous. Tomentous. Floccose. 



298. Define, also, hirsute. Pilous. Hispid. 



299. Also setous. Spinous. Stinging. 



300. What covers the pruinous surface, as of grapes ? 



301. Explain, finally, such terms as ovate-lanceolate. 

 802. Can you show the use of the preposition sub ? 



CHAPTER VIII. 



WHAT is the title of this chapter ? 



303. What is one of the first aims of the botanist? 



304. How does it appear that scales are transformed leaves ? 



305. What is the nature of the brown scales of buds ? 

 S06. What is the nature of the cotyledons ? Proof? 



What is the cause of their deformity ? 



307. Can you tell what phyllodla are ? Examples ? 



308. Explain how ascidia may be transformed leaves. 



309. Mention three curious examples. 



311. What are air-bladders ? What their uses ? 



312. How is the leaf of "Venus' fly-trap" constructed? 



313. What is the use of the tendril ? 

 Is it a new organ ? 



How does the tendril of the pea originate ? 



What its origin in Gloriosa superba ? In Lathyrus ? 



314. In Clematis, what organs serve as tendrils ? 

 In green-briar, what organs become tendrils ? 



315. Whence come the tendrils of the grape-vine ? 



316. How are some plants armed ? 



From what organs do the spines of Berberis originate ? 

 Whence the spines of goat's-thorn ? Of locust ? 



317. How do thorns differ from spines ? 



What the origin of the thorns in Osage orange ? 



Whence the thorns of honey-locust ? 

 3lS. What are prickles ? Examples ? 

 319. What are bracts? What is their nature? 



CHAPTER IX. 



321. WHAT is the title of this chapter ? Define the term, 

 333. Whence do the flower-buds originate ? 



323. What proof of this theory is given ? 



324. As to arrangement what two varieties of flower-buds? 



325. What may a single bud develop ? 



326. What is said of the axis of the flower-bud ? 



327. What is a peduncle ? May it bear leaves? 



