114 



PERICARP. 



556. THE ACHENIUM is a small, dry, indehiscent pericarp, free from 

 the one seed which it contains, and tipped, with the remains of the 

 style (buttercups, Lithospermum). 



557. The double achenium of the Umbeliferre, supported on a carpophore is called 

 cremocarp. The 2-carpeled achenium of the Composites, usually crowned with a 

 pappus, is called cypsela. 



558. TFIB ACIIENIA AHE OFTEN' MISTAKEN for seeds. In the Labiatos and Bor- 

 rageworts they are associated in fours (372). In G-eum, Anemone, etc., they are 

 collected in heads. The rich pulp of the strawberry consists wholly of the over- 

 grown receptacle, which bears the dry achenia on its surfac3. (440). 



432 



433 



440 



435 



436 



434 437 43S 439 



432, Achenia of Anemone thalictroides. 433, Cromocarp of Archangelica officinalis, its halves 

 (merocarps) separated and suspended on tho carpophore. 434, Cypsela of Thistle with its 

 pluinous pappus. 435, Utricle of Chcnopodium (pigweed). 436, Caryopsis of Wheat. 437. 

 Samara of Elm. 433, Glans of Beech. 439. Drupe of Prunus. 449, Fruit of Fragaria Indica, a 

 fleshy torus like the strawberry. 



559. THE UTRICLE is a small, thin, pericarp fitting loosely upon its 

 one seed, and often opening transversely to discharge it (pigweed, 

 prince's feather). 



560. CARYOPSIS, the grain or fruit of the grasses, is a thin, dry, 1- 

 seeded pericarp, inseparable from the seed. 



561. SAMARA; dry, 1-seeded, indehiscent, furnished with a mem- 

 branous wing or wings (ash, elm, maple). 



56?. GLANS OR NUT ; hard, dry, indehiscent, commonly 1-seeded by 

 suppression ( 545), and invested with a persistent involucre called a 

 cupule, either solitary (acorn, hazelnut) or several together (chestnut, 

 beechnut). 



563. DRUPE, stone-fruit ; a 3-coated, 1-celled, indehiscent pericarp, 

 exemplified in the cherry, peach. The outer coat (epidermis) is called 

 the epicarp, the inner is the nucleus or endocarp, hard and stony ; the 

 intervening pulp or fleshy coat is the sarcocarp (oap%, flesh). These 

 coats are not distinguishable in the ovnry. 



