240 ORDER 14. CAPPARIDACE^E. 



30. RAPHANUS, L. RADISH. (Gr. pa, quickly, (fraivv, to appear; 

 from its rapid growth.) Calyx erect; petals obovate, unguiculate ; 

 siliques terete, torulous, not opening by valves, transversely 2-jointed, 

 joints with one or several cells, seeds large, subglobous, in a single 

 series (0). 



1 R. Raphaiiistrum L. WILD RADISH. Lvs. lyrate ; silique moniliform, 

 3 S-seeded, becoming in maturity 1-celled, longer than the style. Naturalized 

 in cultivated fields and roadsides, but rare. St. glaucous, branching-, 1 2f high, 

 bristly. Lvs. rough, dentate, petiolate or sessile. Cal. bristly. Petals yellow, 

 veiny, blanching as they decay. Jn., Jl. Eur. 



2 R. sativa L. GARDEN RADISH. Lower Iva. lyrate, petiolate; silique 

 2 3-seeded, acuminate, scarcely longer than the style. A well known ealad root 

 from China. St. 2 4f high, very branching. Lower Ivs. 6 10' long. Fls. 

 white, or tinged with purple, veiny. Pods 1 2' long, thick and fleshy. The 

 principal varieties are the Turnip Radish, root subglobous ; Common Radish, root 

 oblong, terete ; Black Spanish Radish, root black outside. Jn. Aug. $ 



ORDER XIV. CAPPARIDACE^E. CAPPARIDS. 



Herbs, shrubs, or even trees, destitute of truo stipules. Leaves alternate, petiolate, 

 either undivided or palmately compound. Fls. solitary or racemous, cruciform, hy- 

 pogynous. Sep. 4, Pet. 4, unguiculate. Sta. G 12, or some multiple of 4, never 

 tetradynamous, on a disk or separated from the corolla by an intemode of the torus. 

 Ova. often stipitate, of 2 united carpels. Sty. united into ons. Stig. discoid. Fr. 

 either pod-shaped and dehiscent, or fleshy and indehiacent. Placenta usually 2. 

 Seeds many, reniform. Albumen 0. Embryo curved. Cotyledon foliaceous. (Illust. 

 in Fig. 290.) 



Genera 2S, species 340 chiefly tropical plants. They are more acrid in their properties than 

 the Crucifers, but otherwise much resemble them. One species of Polanisia is used as a ver- 

 mifuge. 



Stamens 6, separated from the petals by an internode ................................ No. 1 



Stamens 6, not separated from the petals ............................................ No. 2 



Stamens 832. Torus not developed ................................... , ........... No. 3 



1. GYNAWDROPSIS, DC. (Gynandria, a Linna3an class, 6i/^ ap- 

 pearance.) Sepals distinct, spreading; stamens 6, separated from the 

 4 petals by a slender internode of the torus; pod linear-oblong, raised 

 on a long stipe which rises from the top of the torus. Lvs. digitate. 

 Fls. racejaicd. 



G. pentaphylla DC. Middle Irs. petiolate, 5-foliate, floral and lower ones 

 3-foliate, Ifts. obovate, entire or denticulate. In cultivated grounds, Penn. to Ga. 

 St. simple, 2 3f high. Fls. of a very singular structure. Pedicels about 1' 

 long, slender. Calyx small. Petals white, as long as their filiform claws. 

 Sta. 1' long, spreading, apparently arising from the midst of the long styloid 

 torus. Peds. 2' long. Africa. (Cleome L.) 



2. CLEOME, L. SPIDER FLOWER. Sepals sometimes united at base ; 

 petals 4 ; torus not developed between the petals and the stamens, 

 which are 6 4 ; pod stipitate more or less. Herbs or shrubs. Lvs. 

 simple or digitate. Fls. racemed or solitary. 



1 C. pungens L. Fig. 290. Glandular pubescent; st. simple, and with the 

 petioles aculeate ; Ivs. 5 9-foliate, on long petioles, Ifts. elliptic-lanceolate, acute 

 at each end, obscurely denticulate; bracts simple; fls. racemed; sep. distinct; 

 pet. on filiform claws; sta. 6, twice longer than the petals. (D A tall, showy 



